tumorens

Tumorens is a term used in several languages to denote a tumor in possessive form, and in English the basic term is tumor. A tumor is an abnormal growth of tissue that forms a mass, arising when cells divide in an uncontrolled way. Tumors can occur in any organ and may be benign or malignant. Benign tumors are typically non-invasive and do not spread to distant sites, though they can cause problems by pressing on surrounding structures. Malignant tumors invade nearby tissues and can metastasize, spreading through the bloodstream or lymphatic system and forming secondary tumors elsewhere.

Classification of tumors falls into several broad categories. Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissue, sarcomas from connective tissue, lymphomas from lymphoid tissue, and leukemias from blood-forming tissues. Brain tumors, melanomas, and several other subtypes have more specific classifications based on origin and molecular features. The distinction between benign and malignant has important implications for prognosis and treatment.

Causes and development involve genetic mutations and epigenetic changes influenced by a range of factors, including environmental exposures (such as tobacco and certain chemicals), infections, radiation, and inherited predispositions. Tumor progression is often described using hallmarks such as sustained proliferative signaling, resistance to cell death, angiogenesis, and the ability to invade and metastasize.

Diagnosis typically combines imaging (CT, MRI, PET) with histopathological examination of tissue, sometimes supplemented by molecular testing. Treatment is modality-dependent: benign tumors are often removed surgically; malignant tumors may require surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapy. Early detection and personalized treatment plans improve outcomes, while prevention focuses on risk reduction and appropriate screening in high-risk populations.