tuloslaskelmaa

Tuloslaskelmaa is the Finnish partitive form of tuloslaskelma, commonly translated as income statement or profit and loss statement. It is a financial statement that summarizes an entity’s revenues, expenses and resulting profit or loss over a defined accounting period, and it complements the balance sheet and cash flow statement in corporate reporting.

A typical tuloslaskelma presents revenue or sales, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses (such as salaries, depreciation and marketing), and operating profit. It then records financial income and expenses, extraordinary or non-recurring items where applicable, income taxes and finally net profit or loss. Variations in presentation include single-step and multi-step formats and differences required by accounting frameworks such as Finnish Generally Accepted Accounting Practice and international standards (IFRS).

The statement is prepared on an accrual basis, recognizing income and expenses when earned or incurred rather than when cash changes hands. Companies use it to assess performance, compare periods, and calculate profitability ratios like gross margin, operating margin and net margin. Analysts and stakeholders evaluate trends, cost structure and the impact of one-off items when interpreting results.

Regulatory requirements in Finland mandate corporate filing and disclosure of annual accounts for many entities, including a tuloslaskelma. Limitations include sensitivity to accounting policies, non-cash items (depreciation, impairments), and that it does not directly show cash generation, which requires the cash flow statement.