tsentraalseadus

Tsentraalseadus is a term used mainly in theoretical or comparative discussions to describe a central or umbrella statute that provides the core legal framework within a political system. It is not a standard term in official Estonian legal language and should not be confused with the Estonian Constitution, known as the põhiseadus, which is the supreme law.

The word is built from tsentral- meaning central and seadus meaning law. In discussions of legal design, a tsentraalseadus may refer to a central statute that establishes key institutions, defines fundamental rights, allocates powers among branches of government, and sets procedures for amendment and enforcement. It can be used to discuss either a unitarian system where one central statute governs most affairs or a federal or quasi-federal system where a central law provides common norms.

In theory, the concept highlights the role of a central rule that coordinates or restricts subordinate legislation and administrative action. It is often contrasted with regional, local, or sectoral laws, which operate under the framework established by the central statute.

Critics of a centralized framework worry about democratic legitimacy, uniformity versus regional autonomy, and potential conflicts between central law and lower-level acts. Proponents argue that a clear central rule can promote rule of law, predictability, and uniform application of basic norms.

See also: Constitution, Hierarchy of laws, Centralization, Federalism, Legislative process.