trvalý

Trvalý is a Czech and Slovak adjective meaning “permanent”, “lasting”, or “enduring”. In both languages it is used to describe objects, conditions, or qualities that persist over time, such as trvalý dopad (lasting impact) or trvalé bydlení (permanent residence). The word shares the same root as the verb trvat, “to persist” or “to endure”, and it follows standard declension patterns for masculine adjectives, with feminine (trvalá), neuter (trvalé) and plural (trvalí) forms.

In administrative contexts trvalý appears in the phrase trvalý pobyt, denoting a permanent place of residence, which is distinct from a temporary address (dočasný pobyt). The concept is important in legal definitions of citizenship, voting rights, and tax obligations within the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

Trvalý also functions as a surname in the Czech and Slovak regions. Notable individuals bearing the name include the Slovak footballer Martin Trvalý and Czech linguist Jana Trvalá, who have contributed to sports and academic research respectively. As a family name, it follows the same gendered forms, with feminine versions often ending in –á.

Overall, trvalý serves both as a descriptive lexical item in everyday language and as a proper name, reflecting the cultural emphasis on stability and continuity in Central European societies.