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Trismus, also known as lockjaw, is a medical condition characterized by the involuntary tightening of the muscles of the jaw, which can result in a fixed, locked position of the jaw. This condition can be caused by various factors, including infections, trauma, or neurological disorders. Trismus can affect one or both sides of the jaw and may cause significant discomfort and difficulty in opening the mouth.

The most common cause of trismus is infection, particularly bacterial infections such as streptococcal infections or dental abscesses. These infections can spread to the muscles of the jaw, leading to inflammation and muscle spasms. Other causes include trauma to the jaw, such as fractures or injuries, and neurological disorders that affect the muscles of the jaw, such as Bell's palsy or stroke.

Trismus can be diagnosed through a physical examination, which may include assessing the range of motion in the jaw and examining the muscles for tenderness or swelling. Imaging studies, such as X-rays or CT scans, may be used to rule out other causes of the condition, such as fractures or tumors.

Treatment for trismus depends on the underlying cause. For infections, antibiotics may be prescribed to clear the infection and reduce inflammation. For trauma, rest and pain management may be recommended, while for neurological disorders, physical therapy or other interventions may be used to improve muscle function. In severe cases, surgery may be required to release the muscles of the jaw and restore normal function.

Trismus can be a painful and debilitating condition, but with appropriate treatment, most people can recover and return to normal function. If you or someone else is experiencing symptoms of trismus, it is important to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and treatment.