triprotinen
Triprotinen refers to substances capable of donating three protons in aqueous solution, in particular triprotic acids. A typical triprotic acid is denoted H3A and dissociates in three sequential steps: H3A ⇌ H2A− + H+, H2A− ⇌ HA2− + H+, and HA2− ⇌ A3− + H+. Each step is described by a dissociation constant Ka1, Ka2, Ka3, with corresponding pKa values.
In many triprotic acids the dissociation constants follow Ka1 > Ka2 > Ka3, so the first proton is
Common examples of triprotic acids include phosphoric acid (H3PO4), citric acid (H3C6H5O7), and arsenic acid (H3AsO4).
Applications of triprotic acids include buffering in chemical analyses, biochemical assays, and environmental chemistry, where phosphate