trillingsdemping

Trillingsdemping, also known as vibration damping, is the process of reducing the amplitude and duration of mechanical vibrations in structures or machinery by dissipating vibrational energy as heat or redistributing it within a system. The goal is to limit transmitted forces, suppress resonance, and decrease noise and wear.

Damping can be passive, semi-active, or active. Passive damping uses energy-dissipating elements such as viscoelastic materials, rubber mounts, dampers, or tuned mass dampers. Semi-active damping adjusts stiffness or damping characteristics in response to vibration, using controllable devices. Active damping employs sensors and actuators with feedback control to apply counteracting forces.

Common damping mechanisms include viscous damping (force proportional to velocity), hysteretic or structural damping (energy loss in the material during cyclic deformation), and Coulomb or friction damping (damping through contact friction). The damping ratio and logarithmic decrement describe how quickly vibrations decay and are used in design and testing.

Applications span machinery foundations, automotive suspensions, aerospace structures, precision instruments, and buildings subjected to wind or earthquake loads. Materials used for damping include viscoelastic polymers, elastomeric rubbers, foams, and metal dampers; tuned mass dampers and isolation mounts are common solutions.

Design considerations include operating temperature, frequency content of the excitation, weight and space constraints, and aging effects on material properties. Damping is traded against stiffness and natural frequency to avoid adverse shifts in resonance and to ensure reliable performance.