trakeostomy

A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening in the neck that connects to the trachea, or windpipe. This opening, called a stoma, allows a person to breathe when their airway is blocked or compromised. A tube, known as a tracheostomy tube, is inserted into the stoma to keep it open and facilitate breathing.

The procedure is typically performed when a patient has difficulty breathing due to conditions affecting the upper airway, such as severe facial trauma, swelling, or paralysis of the vocal cords. It can also be necessary for individuals who require prolonged mechanical ventilation, as it bypasses the mouth and nose, making it easier to connect to a breathing machine. In some cases, a tracheostomy is a temporary solution, while in others, it may be permanent.

The risks associated with a tracheostomy are similar to those of any surgical procedure and can include bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding structures. After the procedure, patients may experience temporary discomfort, difficulty speaking, and changes in their sense of smell. Maintaining the tracheostomy site, including regular cleaning and suctioning of secretions, is crucial for preventing complications. Speech therapy may be recommended to help patients adapt to communicating with a tracheostomy tube in place.