totálállomások

A totálállomás, often translated as total station, is an electronic optical instrument used in modern surveying and building construction. It is a combination of an electronic theodolite, an electronic distance measurement (EDM) device, and a microprocessor, all integrated into a single unit. This allows surveyors to measure vertical and horizontal angles, as well as distances, from a single setup point.

The primary function of a totálállomás is to accurately measure the coordinates of points on the Earth's surface. This is achieved by precisely measuring the angles and distances from a known reference point. The instrument is typically set up over a known control point, and then targets at unknown locations are sighted. The totálállomás records the horizontal angle, vertical angle, and slope distance to each target. Using trigonometry and the known coordinates of the setup point, the coordinates of the sighted points can be calculated.

Totálállomások are essential tools for a wide range of surveying tasks, including topographic mapping, boundary surveys, construction layout, and monitoring of structures. They have largely replaced older, more labor-intensive surveying methods. Modern totálállomások often incorporate data collectors, allowing for direct digital recording of measurements and calculations, which significantly speeds up the surveying process and reduces errors. Some advanced models also include features like robotic operation, allowing a single surveyor to control the instrument remotely.