toteise

Toteise is a term derived from German, literally translating to "dead ice." It refers to a block or mass of ice that is no longer moving or flowing and is often partially or completely buried by sediment. This type of ice is a remnant of past glacial activity. As glaciers retreat or stagnate, portions of the ice can become isolated and insulated by debris. Over time, this buried ice melts very slowly, often creating distinct landforms.

The process of toteise formation and subsequent melting can lead to unique topographical features. When the buried ice melts, it leaves behind depressions in the ground. These depressions can fill with water, forming small lakes or ponds known as kettle lakes. If the overlying sediment is not uniformly thick or if the melting is uneven, the surface can become hummocky, creating a pitted landscape. Areas rich in toteise are often found in regions that were previously covered by large ice sheets, such as parts of North America and Europe. The presence of toteise is a strong indicator of past glaciation and is important in understanding glacial geomorphology. It plays a role in local hydrology and ecosystem development as the landscape evolves after the ice has disappeared.