torppari
Torppari is a Finnish term for a tenant farmer who held a small farm, known as a torppa, on land owned by a larger landowner. The torppa typically included a dwelling and a small parcel of arable land, for which the torppari paid rent and performed certain duties or labor. The holding was usually modest in size and the income fragile, making the torppari a distinct social group within rural Finland.
Historically, torpparit formed a large class of rural smallholders. They often lived under precarious contracts, facing
In the following decades, Finland carried out land reforms and agricultural policies that gradually transformed or