tibiais

Tibiais is a term used in anatomy to refer to the tibias, the pair of long bones that form the main support of the lower leg in humans and many other mammals. The tibias run from the knee to the ankle, located medially to the accompanying fibula, which is thinner and primarily provides stabilization rather than weight bearing.

The proximal end of the tibia features the tibial plateau, which articulates with the femur to participate in knee joint formation. The plateau includes the medial and lateral condyles and the intercondylar eminence. The distal end ends in the medial malleolus, a prominent projection that helps stabilize the ankle by forming part of the ankle mortise with the talus. The shaft of the tibia is triangular in cross-section and has a sharp anterior border. Nerves and vessels travel nearby, and the bone provides extensive muscular attachments.

Functionally, the tibia bears most of the body's weight during standing and locomotion and transfers forces between the knee and ankle. It serves as an attachment site for several muscles, including the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior, as well as for ligaments and the interosseous membrane that connect it to the fibula.

Clinically, tibial injuries are common and include shaft fractures, distal tibial or plafond (ankle) fractures, and stress injuries such as shin splints. In children, the proximal and distal tibial growth plates are sites of bone growth, and injuries there can affect limb length and alignment. Ossification begins with a primary center in the shaft during fetal development, with secondary centers appearing at the ends after birth.