thorakolumbala

Thorakolumbala is a term used in anatomy to describe the region of the spine where the thoracic and lumbar segments meet. In many English-language contexts the more common term is thoracolumbar, but variations of the name appear in several languages to denote the same transitional area.

Anatomical boundaries and components

The thoracolumbar region typically refers to the junction around the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine, commonly described as roughly T12 to L2, though exact boundaries can vary by context. It encompasses portions of the lower thoracic vertebrae, the upper lumbar vertebrae, and the associated intervertebral discs and facet joints. The thoracolumbar fascia, a multilayer connective tissue structure, and the surrounding musculature (including latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, and quadratus lumborum) are important supporting elements in this region. The spinal cord terminates around L1–L2 in adults, with nerve roots continuing as the cauda equina inferior to this level.

Function and biomechanical role

The thoracolumbar region acts as a transitional zone between the rigid thoracic cage and the more mobile lumbar spine. It facilitates a range of motions, including flexion, extension, and rotation, while bearing and distributing loads during movement and lifting. Its exposure to mechanical stress makes it a common site for strain, degenerative changes, and traumatic injuries.

Clinical relevance

Injuries at the thoracolumbar junction, such as compression or burst fractures at T12–L1, are clinically significant due to potential spinal instability and neural involvement. Conditions in this region may present with localized back pain, reduced mobility, or neurologic symptoms if the neural elements are affected.

Imaging and management

Evaluation typically involves radiographs, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to assess alignment, fractures, and soft-tissue injury. Treatment ranges from conservative measures (rest, bracing, physical therapy) for stable injuries to surgical stabilization for unstable fractures or neurologic compromise.