tetrabromide

Tetrabromide is the name given to chemical compounds that contain four bromine atoms, typically arranged around a central atom in an MX4 framework. The term is most often applied to tetrahalomethane compounds such as carbon tetrabromide, CBr4, which is a tetrahalomethane and a representative example of this class.

Carbon tetrabromide is a heavy, nonpolar covalent molecule with tetrahedral geometry. It is typically moisture-sensitive and can decompose under light. It has been used as a brominating agent in organic synthesis and as an intermediate in the preparation of other brominated compounds. Its handling generally requires protection from light and moisture.

Other tetrabromides are known for elements in the same group or period, including silicon tetrabromide (SiBr4), germanium tetrabromide (GeBr4), and tin tetrabromide (SnBr4). These compounds are often reactive toward water, hydrolyzing to oxide or oxyhalide species, and may exist as discrete molecules or polymeric solids depending on conditions. They are primarily used as brominating reagents or intermediates in inorganic and organometallic synthesis.

Synthesis of tetrabromides typically involves halogenation or halogen exchange routes suitable for the central atom, such as conversion of a tetravalent halide precursor to the tetrabromide under controlled conditions. The exact methods vary with the central element and desired purity.

Safety considerations for tetrabromides reflect the presence of bromine in the compound, with many species being moisture-sensitive and potentially irritant or toxic. Proper ventilation, protective equipment, and appropriate storage are important to minimize exposure and decomposition.

See also: tetrabromide disambiguation.