teshuvá

Teshuvá is a Hebrew word with a multifaceted meaning in Jewish tradition, often translated as repentance, return, or rectification. It is a central concept in Judaism, representing the process of an individual turning away from wrongdoing and returning to God and to a righteous path. This process is not merely about regret for past sins but involves a conscious and active effort to change one's behavior and attitude.

The core components of teshuvá typically include acknowledging the sin, feeling remorse for it, ceasing the harmful behavior, and resolving not to repeat it in the future. For sins committed against another person, teshuvá also requires seeking forgiveness from the wronged party and making amends. This emphasis on interpersonal responsibility is a key aspect of the Jewish understanding of repentance.

Teshuvá is not limited to a specific time of year, though it is particularly emphasized during the High Holy Days, culminating in Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement. The period between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur is known as the Ten Days of Repentance, a time when individuals are encouraged to reflect deeply on their actions and to engage in teshuvá.

The concept of teshuvá underscores the belief in the possibility of human transformation and the divine capacity for forgiveness. It is a dynamic process that allows individuals to repair their relationship with God and with their fellow human beings, fostering personal growth and spiritual renewal. It is seen as an ongoing aspect of Jewish spiritual life, encouraging continuous self-improvement and a closer connection to divine will.