tertiyar

Tertiar refers to the Tertiary period, an epoch in Earth's history. It spans from approximately 66 to 2.6 million years ago. This period followed the extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs and marked the beginning of the Cenozoic Era. The Tertiary is further divided into five epochs: Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene.

During the Tertiary, continents continued to drift towards their present positions. Major geological events included the formation of mountain ranges like the Alps and the Himalayas. The climate generally warmed after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, but saw fluctuations throughout the period, including periods of cooling.

The Tertiary period is characterized by significant evolutionary developments. Mammals, which were relatively small and diverse during the Mesozoic, underwent a massive adaptive radiation. They diversified into a wide array of forms, filling ecological niches vacated by the dinosaurs. This led to the emergence of many modern mammalian orders, including primates, carnivores, ungulates, and rodents. Birds also diversified significantly. Marine life also saw changes, with the rise of new groups of bony fish and the continued evolution of marine mammals. Plant life adapted to the changing climates and continental configurations, with the proliferation of flowering plants and the development of new forest types. The end of the Tertiary, the Pliocene epoch, saw the emergence of early hominin species.