termoplàstic

Termoplàstic is a type of plastic that becomes pliable or moldable above a specific temperature and solidifies upon cooling. This process of softening and solidifying can be repeated multiple times without significant degradation of the material's properties. This characteristic distinguishes thermoplastics from thermosetting plastics, which undergo irreversible chemical changes when heated and cured.

The molecular structure of thermoplastics consists of long polymer chains that are held together by weak intermolecular forces. When heat is applied, these forces are overcome, allowing the polymer chains to slide past one another, making the material flow and take shape. Upon cooling, the intermolecular forces re-establish, locking the chains in their new configuration.

Common examples of thermoplastics include polyethylene (used in plastic bags and bottles), polypropylene (used in containers and automotive parts), polyvinyl chloride (PVC, used in pipes and window frames), polystyrene (used in disposable cutlery and insulation), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, used in beverage bottles and fibers). Their versatility, ease of processing, and recyclability make them widely used in various industries, from packaging and consumer goods to automotive and construction. The ability to remelt and reform thermoplastics is a key factor in their widespread recycling efforts.