terbinaani

Terbinaaani, commonly known in English as terbinafine, is an antifungal medication of the allylamine class. It is used to treat fungal infections of the skin and nails by inhibiting fungal growth and promoting fungal kill.

Mechanism of action

Terbinafine inhibits the enzyme squalene epoxidase in the ergosterol synthesis pathway. This leads to a deficiency of ergosterol in fungal cell membranes and accumulation of toxic squalene, which disrupts membrane integrity and impairs fungal growth.

Clinical uses

Terbinafine is used topically to treat dermatophyte infections of the skin, including tinea pedis (athlete’s foot), tinea cruris (jock itch), and tinea corporis (ringworm). It is also used orally to treat onychomycosis (nail infections) and certain extensive dermal infections when topical therapy is ineffective. Topical formulations are typically applied to affected areas once daily for one to four weeks, depending on the infection. Oral therapy for nail infections commonly lasts six weeks for fingernails and twelve weeks for toenails.

Forms and administration

Topical products come as 1% cream or solution, used externally. Oral terbinafine is usually available as 250 mg tablets and is prescribed for systemic treatment when indicated. Availability and regulatory status vary by country; topical forms may be sold without prescription in some regions, while oral forms require medical guidance.

Safety and cautions

Terbinafine is generally well tolerated. Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal upset, headache, and taste disturbance. Rare but serious liver injury has been reported, particularly with long-term systemic use, so liver function monitoring may be advised in certain patients. It can interact with other medications, reflecting hepatic metabolism and drug interactions. Pregnant or breastfeeding individuals should use terbinafine only if clearly needed and prescribed by a clinician.

Brand names and regional notes

Terbinafine is marketed under various brand names (for example, Lamisil in some regions); regional formulations and dosing may differ.