teratogeenisuus

Teratogenicity refers to the ability of certain substances, known as teratogens, to cause birth defects or abnormalities in a developing fetus. These defects can affect various parts of the body, including the brain, heart, limbs, and organs. Teratogens can be classified into several categories based on their mechanism of action, such as chemical teratogens, physical teratogens, and biological teratogens.

Chemical teratogens are substances that can cross the placental barrier and enter the fetal circulation, causing developmental abnormalities. Examples include alcohol, certain medications, and environmental pollutants. Physical teratogens, on the other hand, are external factors that can disrupt fetal development, such as radiation exposure or maternal infections. Biological teratogens are infectious agents that can infect the mother and subsequently affect the developing fetus, leading to congenital abnormalities.

The risk of teratogenicity varies depending on the type and dose of the teratogen, as well as the stage of fetal development when exposure occurs. Some teratogens may have a narrow window of susceptibility, meaning they only cause defects if the mother is exposed during a specific period of pregnancy. Others may have a broader window of susceptibility and can cause defects at any stage of development.

Prevention of teratogenic effects involves avoiding exposure to known teratogens, especially during pregnancy. If a woman becomes pregnant and is exposed to a teratogen, she should consult with a healthcare provider to discuss the potential risks and appropriate management strategies. Early detection and intervention can help minimize the impact of teratogenic effects on fetal development.