tenascinXs

TenascinXs are a family of extracellular matrix glycoproteins that play diverse roles in cell adhesion, migration, differentiation, and tissue development. They are characterized by a unique modular structure, typically comprising an amino-terminal oligomerization domain, a variable number of heptad repeats, an epidermal growth factor-like domain, and a fibronectin type III repeat domain. This structural organization allows tenascinXs to interact with a variety of cell surface receptors, including integrins, and other extracellular matrix components, thereby influencing cellular behavior and tissue architecture.

There are several members within the tenascinX family, each exhibiting distinct expression patterns and functions. Tenascin C is the most extensively studied member and is prominently expressed during embryonic development, wound healing, and in various pathological conditions, such as cancer. Tenascin N and Tenascin R are primarily found in the nervous system, where they contribute to neuronal development and function. Tenascin X, another member, is implicated in connective tissue integrity and has been linked to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.

The precise functions of tenascinXs are multifaceted and often context-dependent. They can act as anti-adhesive molecules, promoting cell detachment and migration, or as adhesive molecules, facilitating cell-matrix interactions. Their expression is tightly regulated during development and in response to cellular stimuli. Dysregulation of tenascinX expression or function has been associated with a range of diseases, including fibrotic disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer, highlighting their importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Research into tenascinXs continues to uncover new roles and potential therapeutic applications.