telemätningar

Telemätningar, or telemetry measurements, refer to the automatic collection of data from remote sensors and their transmission to a central system for monitoring, analysis, and control. The goal is to observe physical conditions or process variables without requiring constant on-site presence.

A typical telemätningar system includes sensors or transducers that convert physical quantities into electrical signals, a data acquisition or transmitter unit that formats and sends data, a communication link (radio, cellular, fiber, or satellite), and a receiving station or data center that stores, processes, and visualizes the data. In one-way telemätningar, data flow is from the remote site to the central system; two-way telemätningar enables remote commands and device configuration.

Common domains include space exploration (spacecraft telemetry via CCSDS standards), meteorology (weather balloons and remote stations), industrial automation and process control (SCADA telemetry), energy and transportation (fleet telemetry; remote monitoring of pipelines), and healthcare (telemetry patient monitors).

Key considerations encompass sampling rate and data resolution; synchronization and timestamps; error checking; power consumption; reliability and latency. Security concerns include encryption, authentication, and integrity checks; privacy concerns when human data is included.

Standards and formats vary by domain; examples include CCSDS for space telemetry, ARINC for aviation, and various IoT protocols (MQTT, CoAP) for low-power devices.

History notes that telemetry emerged from military and aerospace needs in the mid-20th century and has since expanded to civilian applications, supported by advances in wireless communication, compact sensors, and cloud-based analytics.