techne

Techne (Greek τεχνη) is a term from ancient Greek philosophy and art that denotes skill, craft, or art applied to the production of tangible or performative ends. The word is the root of modern terms such as technique and technology, and it simultaneously conveys practical know-how and the systematic knowledge used in making or doing something.

In Aristotelian thought, techne refers to a productive art or craft that can be taught and learned, grounded in general principles, and aimed at producing a determinate object. It is contrasted with episteme, scientific knowledge justified by universal demonstration, and with phronesis, practical wisdom guiding action. Techne therefore denotes a capable method or methodical know-how within a craft, including knowledge of materials, processes, and construction.

Historically, techne encompasses the arts and crafts as well as the arts of making, and from late antiquity through the Renaissance the term became associated with broader efforts to systematize knowledge. The concept contributed to the modern understanding of technology as the study and application of techniques to produce goods and shape the world. As a historical term, techne highlights the boundary between craft-based know-how and theoretical knowledge, while remaining a foundational idea in discussions of art, engineering, and the skilled trades.