tce

Trichloroethylene, commonly abbreviated as TCE, is a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent with the chemical formula C2HCl3. It is a colorless, volatile liquid with a characteristic sweet odor. At room temperature it boils at about 87.2°C and has a density around 1.46 g/cm3, making it denser than water. It is sparingly soluble in water (on the order of 1 g per liter) and readily evaporates into air, with vapors that are heavier than air.

Uses of TCE have historically included widespread use as an industrial solvent for metal degreasing and electronics cleaning, as well as a chemical intermediate in the production of other chlorinated compounds. Its use has declined in many regions due to health and environmental concerns, and regulatory restrictions along with the availability of safer alternatives have reduced demand.

Environmental and health considerations are central to modern handling of TCE. It can persist in soil and groundwater and may form dense non-aqueous phase liquids that sink below the water table, complicating cleanup. Human exposure occurs through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Acute exposure can cause dizziness, drowsiness, headaches, and confusion, while longer-term exposure has been associated with liver and kidney damage and is considered a potential carcinogen by several health agencies.

Regulation and safety guidance emphasize exposure controls, protective equipment, and monitoring in workplaces. Many jurisdictions restrict TCE use and promote remediation of contaminated sites, employing methods such as soil vapor extraction and groundwater treatment. Ongoing research seeks safer alternatives and more effective cleanup technologies.