tasnif

Tasnif (Arabic تصنيف) is a term used across several languages to denote classification, categorization, or the act of arranging items into categories. Derived from a root meaning to classify, tasnif appears in contexts ranging from library and information science to data organization, taxonomy, and standardized classification schemes. In many Persian- and Turkish-language contexts, tasnif carries the same sense of organizing content by subject, type, or characteristic, and is used in academic, governmental, and cultural administration.

In information science and library practice, tasnif refers to classification systems and processes used to organize knowledge and objects. It encompasses schemes, taxonomies, and subject headings that enable retrieval and systematic arrangement of materials. Tasnif standards may be national or international, and they facilitate interoperability across libraries, databases, and archives.

In music, tasnif refers to a traditional vocal form in the Arab world. It is typically a long, composed song with a fixed melodic and poetic structure, using classical Arabic poetry or folk texts and accompanied by orchestral or ensemble instrumentation. Tasnif pieces often function as performance or concert numbers, contrasting with modal instrumental improvisations (taqsim) and with shorter, dance-oriented songs. The genre achieved prominence in the 19th and 20th centuries in parts of the Mashriq (the Levant and Egypt) and remains part of traditional repertoires in some regions.

The term has multiple transliterations, including tasnif, tasneef, tansif, reflecting differences in adapting Arabic script to Latin scripts.