tannholdssjúkdómar

Tannholdssjúkdómar, commonly known as gum disease, refers to a group of inflammatory conditions affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. The most common forms are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the initial, milder stage characterized by inflammation of the gums, often causing redness, swelling, and bleeding during brushing. It is primarily caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that accumulates on teeth. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a more severe form of gum disease where the inflammation extends below the gum line, affecting the bone and ligaments that support the teeth. This can lead to the formation of pockets between the gums and teeth, which harbor bacteria and further damage the supporting structures. In advanced stages, periodontitis can result in tooth loosening and eventual tooth loss. Factors that increase the risk of developing gum disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, certain medications, and genetic predisposition.

Prevention and management of tannholdssjúkdómar focus on maintaining good oral hygiene, which includes regular brushing and flossing to remove plaque. Professional dental cleanings are also crucial for removing hardened plaque (calculus) that cannot be removed by brushing alone. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing the progression of gum disease and preserving oral health.