talpa

Talpa is a genus of moles in the family Talpidae, commonly referred to as true moles. Species within Talpa are fossorial, occupying a range of habitats across Europe, western Asia, and parts of North Africa, where they live in underground tunnel systems.

Physically, Talpa moles have cylindrical bodies, short limbs, and broad spade-like forefeet for digging. Their fur is short and velvety, allowing it to lie in any direction. They have small eyes and poor vision, relying mainly on touch and smell to locate prey such as earthworms and insects; Eimer's organs on the snout contribute to tactile perception.

Ecology and behavior: Talpa species are largely solitary and create networks of subterranean tunnels with surface runways. They feed by excavating soil and swallowing prey, contributing to soil aeration. Reproduction is seasonal in many species, with one litter per year in temperate zones and litter sizes typically ranging from a few to around a dozen young. Young are weaned after several weeks and become independent within a few months.

Taxonomy and conservation: The genus includes numerous species, including the European mole (Talpa europaea) among others distributed across Europe and Asia. Conservation status varies by species; habitat loss, drainage of wetlands, and pesticide pollution threaten some populations, while others are widespread and common.