taivuttua

Taivuttua is a non-finite verb form related to the Finnish verb taivuttaa, which means to bend, tilt, or curve. In standard, contemporary Finnish the most common past passive participle is taivutettu, while taivuttua appears only occasionally and mainly in historical, dialectal, or literary usage. It is part of the broader family of -ttua forms that can occur with various verbs to create non-finite, adjectival or adverbial meanings.

Morphology and function. Taivuttua is built from the root taivut- plus the suffix -ttua, producing a non-finite form that can function descriptively. Because it is not a everyday, widely used form in modern Finnish, speakers often substitute taivutettu (bent) or the attributive taivuttava (bending) in most contexts. When taivuttua appears, it typically serves as an adjective-like modifier or in literary/archaic syntax to express a state resulting from bending.

Usage. Taivuttua tends to be encountered primarily in older texts, poetry, or dialectal writing. It can describe objects that have undergone bending or deformation, similar to other -ttua adjectives, though more common modern equivalents are taivutettu or, in dynamic descriptions, taivuttava. The closely related non-finite forms taivuttuaan (having been bent) and taivuttamattomana (in a state not bent) illustrate how Finnish uses non-finite forms to convey completed actions or resultant states.

See also. taivuttaa; taivutus; taivutettu; taivuttava.