tóricas

Tóricas is the feminine plural form of the Spanish adjective tórico, used in mathematical language to denote objects related to torus or toric geometry. In this sense, tóricas commonly appear in phrases such as variedades tóricas, describing a class of geometric objects that are studied in algebraic geometry. The term reflects the close connection between these objects and the combinatorial data that encodes them, often in the form of fans.

In mathematics, toric varieties are a class of normal algebraic varieties containing a dense algebraic torus T ≅ (C^*)^n and equipped with an action of T that extends its action on itself. They can be described combinatorially by fans: collections of strongly convex rational polyhedral cones in the real vector space N_R = N ⊗_Z R, where N ≅ Z^n is a lattice. Each cone corresponds to an orbit, and the entire fan determines the variety up to isomorphism. Toric geometry links algebraic geometry with polyhedral geometry and offers concrete examples for studying morphisms, singularities, and intersection theory. Common examples include projective space P^n, products of projective lines, and weighted projective spaces.

Beyond mathematics, tóricas as a grammatical form may appear as the feminine plural of the adjective describing toric-related matters in Spanish texts; it is not generally used as a standalone subject outside mathematical discourse in most sources.

See also: toric variety, algebraic torus, fans, Demazure, Cox.