sænkning

Sænkning is a Danish and Norwegian noun that denotes the act or process of sinking, lowering, or subsidence. It is used in everyday language to describe a downward movement of objects or surfaces, and in technical contexts to refer to the gradual downward movement of the Earth’s surface relative to a reference level. The term is derived from the verb sænke, meaning to lower or sink.

In geology and geotechnics, sænkning typically refers to subsidence: a vertical downward displacement of the ground. This can occur naturally, for example through long-term sediment compaction or tectonic adjustment, or as a result of human activity, such as extraction of groundwater, oil or gas, or mining. Subsidence can affect built environments by altering foundations, drainage patterns, and flood risk. Distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic subsidence often requires geodetic monitoring and subsurface analysis.

Measurement and monitoring of sænkning employ geodetic and remote-sensing techniques. Levelling surveys, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), and InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) are commonly used to detect and quantify vertical ground movement over time. Data from tide gauges and land-survey networks may also contribute to understanding changes in coastal or delta regions.

Mitigation and management strategies focus on reducing drivers of subsidence and adapting infrastructure. Approaches include sustainable groundwater and resource management, land-use planning that avoids high-risk areas, and engineering solutions to reinforce foundations and drainage. Awareness and monitoring are essential for minimizing damage in regions prone to sænkning.