sähköpinnoitukset

Sähköpinnoitus, also known as electroplating, is an electrochemical process used to deposit a thin layer of metal onto a conductive substrate. This technique is widely employed across various industries for both decorative and functional purposes. The primary goal is to enhance the surface properties of the base material, such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, hardness, electrical conductivity, and aesthetic appeal.

The process involves immersing the object to be plated (the cathode) and a piece of the plating metal (the anode) into an electrolyte solution containing dissolved ions of the plating metal. A direct electric current is then passed through the solution. The positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the anode, and the negative terminal is connected to the cathode. At the cathode, the metal ions from the electrolyte are reduced and deposited onto the surface of the object as a solid metal coating. Simultaneously, at the anode, the plating metal dissolves into the electrolyte, replenishing the ions and maintaining the plating process.

Common metals used in sähköpinnoitus include nickel, chromium, copper, zinc, cadmium, and gold. The choice of plating metal depends on the desired properties and application. For instance, zinc plating is often used for its sacrificial corrosion protection on steel, while chromium plating is valued for its hardness, wear resistance, and bright appearance. Gold plating is frequently used for its excellent conductivity and resistance to tarnishing in electronic components and jewelry. The thickness of the deposited layer can be precisely controlled by adjusting the current density and the duration of the plating process. Sähköpinnoitus is a crucial surface treatment method that significantly extends the lifespan and improves the performance of countless manufactured goods.