sähköjohtuvuudella

Sähköjohtavuudella, known in English as electrical conductivity, is a measure of a material's ability to conduct electric current. It is the reciprocal of electrical resistivity. High electrical conductivity means that electric charge can flow easily through the material, while low conductivity indicates that the material is a poor conductor or an electrical insulator.

The conductivity of a material is dependent on several factors, including temperature, the presence of impurities, and the material's atomic structure. In metals, electrical conductivity is primarily due to the free movement of electrons. In electrolytes, it is due to the movement of ions. Semiconductors have conductivity values between those of conductors and insulators, and their conductivity can be significantly altered by doping or changes in temperature.

Electrical conductivity is an important property in many technological applications. For example, materials with high conductivity are used in electrical wiring and electronic components. Insulators, which have very low conductivity, are used to prevent electrical short circuits and ensure safety. Semiconductors are the foundation of modern electronics, used in transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits. The SI unit for electrical conductivity is siemens per meter (S/m).