szívattyú

A szívattyú (Hungarian for "pump") is a mechanical device designed to move fluids (liquids or gases) from one location to another by applying force. Pumps operate by converting energy—typically mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic—into the energy needed to overcome resistance and move the fluid.

There are numerous types of pumps, categorized by their operating principle. Common categories include centrifugal pumps, which use rotating impellers to accelerate fluid and direct it outward; positive-displacement pumps, such as reciprocating or rotary pumps, which move fluid by trapping and displacing it in a chamber; and jet pumps, which use a high-velocity fluid jet to induce flow.

Pumps are widely used across industries: in water supply systems, chemical processing, agriculture (irrigation), and automotive applications (fuel delivery). They also play a role in medical devices (e.g., blood pumps) and environmental remediation (e.g., wastewater treatment).

The history of pumps dates back to ancient times, with early devices like the Archimedes screw for lifting water. Modern pump technology continues to evolve, with advancements in materials, efficiency, and automation to meet diverse fluid-handling needs.