széndioxidtárolás

Széndioxidtárolás, often referred to as carbon capture and storage (CCS) in English, is a set of technologies designed to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from sources like power plants and industrial facilities and store them in underground geological formations. The primary goal of this process is to prevent large quantities of CO2 from entering the atmosphere, thereby mitigating climate change.

The process typically involves three main stages. First, capture refers to the separation of CO2 from other gases produced during industrial processes or combustion. This can be achieved through various methods, including pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, and oxy-fuel combustion. Second, transport involves moving the captured CO2 to a suitable storage site. This is usually done via pipelines, similar to how natural gas is transported, or through ships for longer distances. The third and final stage is storage, where the CO2 is injected deep underground into carefully selected geological formations. These formations can include depleted oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, or unmineable coal seams. The CO2 is injected into these porous rock layers, which are then sealed by impermeable caprocks, preventing its escape back into the atmosphere.

While CCS technology holds promise for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, it also faces challenges. These include the high cost of implementation, the energy penalty associated with the capture process, and concerns about the long-term security of underground storage. Ongoing research and development aim to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of CCS technologies, making them a more viable option for climate change mitigation.