széna

Széna is the Hungarian term for hay, a dried and cured forage used as animal feed. It is typically produced from grasses and some legumes and serves as a staple source of roughage for livestock such as cattle, horses, sheep, and goats, especially when pasture or fresh forage is scarce.

The quality of hay depends on plant species, maturity at cutting, and the curing process. Grass hays are usually lower in protein and energy than legume hays, such as alfalfa, which can provide higher crude protein. Fiber content is high across hay types and influences digestibility. The leaf-to-stem ratio and weather during drying also affect palatability and nutritional value.

Harvesting involves mowing, field curing, turning to improve drying, and baling. Proper drying to a moisture content around 15–20 percent reduces spoilage and mold risk. Bales may be small rectangular or large round, depending on use and handling preferences. Good quality hay is typically dry, clean, and free from excessive dust, dirt, or weeds.

Storage requires protection from moisture and warmth. Hay stored in a dry, well-ventilated barn or shed resists mold and spoilage, while damp storage can lead to reduced quality and potential health issues for livestock. Proper stacking and protection from rain are important in reducing losses.

In Central Europe, including Hungary, széna has long been a fundamental component of livestock farming. It competes with silage and haylage as a stored forage option and continues to play a key role in seasonal feeding strategies and farm economics.