szkodliwe

Szkodliwe is a Polish adjective meaning harmful, damaging, or detrimental. It is used to describe substances, actions, conditions, or effects that can cause harm to health, safety, property, or the environment. The term appears in medical, environmental, legal, and everyday contexts, often in phrases such as szkodliwe dla zdrowia (harmful to health) or szkodliwe dla środowiska (harmful to the environment).

Morphology and usage: Szkodliwe agrees with the gender and number of the noun it modifies. The masculine singular form is szkodliwy, the feminine is szkodliwa, and the neuter singular as well as plural non-personal references use szkodliwe. It can modify nouns directly (szkodliwe substancje) or appear in predicates after linking verbs (to działanie jest szkodliwe). Common collocations include szkodliwe skutki (harmful effects), substancje szkodliwe (harmful substances), and praktyki szkodliwe (harmful practices).

Etymology: The adjective is derived from the verb szkodzić (to harm) and the noun szkoda (damage). The suffix -liwy is used in Polish to form adjectives indicating propensity or capability, yielding szkodliwy, szkodliwa, or szkodliwe depending on form.

See also: szkoda (damage), szkodliwość (harmfulness), szkodliwy (base form, masculine), szkodzić (to harm). In regulatory and public health contexts, szkodliwe is commonly encountered in warnings, safety data sheets, and environmental classifications to indicate substances or practices that pose risks to health or the environment.