synaptogenesisin

Synaptogenesis is the process by which neurons form synapses with other neurons, enabling the transmission of signals. The term "synaptogenesisin" is not a widely recognized term in neuroscience and may represent a misspelling or a fictional label; this article uses "synaptogenesis" to describe the process. Synaptogenesis begins during embryonic development and continues postnatally, persisting into adulthood as neural circuits are refined and remodeled. Initial contact between developing axons and dendrites leads to the formation of presynaptic boutons and postsynaptic densities, followed by maturation into functional synapses capable of neurotransmission and plasticity.

Molecular cues mediating synaptogenesis include cell-adhesion molecules such as neurexins and neuroligins, along with LRRTMs, Slitrks, and SynCAMs, which promote synaptic contact and specificity. Intracellular scaffolding proteins like PSD-95 and gephyrin organize postsynaptic receptor clusters, while synapsins and SNARE proteins support presynaptic vesicle release. Receptors, including AMPA and NMDA receptors, are recruited and stabilized at the postsynaptic site as synapses mature.

Activity-dependent mechanisms shape synaptogenesis; spontaneous neuronal activity guides refinement prior to sensory experience, and subsequent circuits are sculpted by sensory input and neurotrophins such as BDNF, which influence synaptic strength and maintenance.

Dysregulation of synaptogenesis is implicated in neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders; abnormal synapse number or function may contribute to autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia. Understanding synaptogenesis informs models of neural circuit development and plasticity.