sydänläppäongelmissa

Sydänläppäongelmat, known in English as heart valve problems or valvular heart disease, refer to conditions affecting the heart valves. The heart has four valves: the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve, and aortic valve. These valves ensure blood flows in the correct direction through the heart's chambers. When these valves don't function properly, it can strain the heart and reduce its ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body.

There are two primary types of heart valve problems: stenosis and regurgitation. Valvular stenosis occurs when a valve narrows or stiffens, making it difficult for blood to pass through. This forces the heart to work harder. Valvular regurgitation, also known as insufficiency or incompetence, happens when a valve doesn't close properly, allowing blood to leak backward into the chamber it just left.

Causes of heart valve problems are diverse and can include congenital defects (born with the problem), rheumatic fever, infections (like endocarditis), aging, heart attacks, and other heart conditions. Symptoms can vary greatly depending on the severity and type of valve problem, but may include shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, dizziness, and swelling in the legs or ankles. Some individuals may have no symptoms for years. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, listening to the heart with a stethoscope, and imaging tests such as echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart). Treatment options range from medication to manage symptoms and prevent complications to surgical interventions, including valve repair or replacement.