svimning

Svimming is the Swedish term for syncope, commonly understood as fainting. It denotes a temporary loss of consciousness caused by a transient reduction in blood flow to the brain. Most episodes are brief and followed by full recovery, but they can be alarming and may indicate an underlying condition.

The most common form is vasovagal or reflex syncope, often triggered by stress, pain, prolonged standing, heat, or dehydration. Other causes include orthostatic hypotension, where blood pressure drops upon standing, and cardiac syncope, which results from heart rhythm problems or structural heart disease. Less common causes include metabolic disturbances, seizures that resemble fainting, and neurologic conditions. In older individuals, heart-related causes are more likely and warrant careful evaluation.

Symptoms that may precede fainting include lightheadedness, blurred or tunnel vision, nausea, sweating, and sudden weakness. People often regain consciousness quickly after lying down, with fatigue or confusion possible for a brief period.

Diagnosis usually starts with a medical history and physical examination, including blood pressure and heart rhythm checks. Common tests may include an electrocardiogram (ECG), blood tests, and, if needed, further studies such as echocardiography or a tilt-table test to assess reflex syncope. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause and may involve lifestyle changes (hydration, salt intake, avoiding trigger situations), physical counterpressure maneuvers, and in some cases medications or pacing for specific cardiac conditions.

Prevention emphasizes recognizing triggers, rising slowly from seated or lying positions, staying hydrated, and seeking medical evaluation for recurrent or unexplained episodes.