supraglottiska

Supraglottiska (supraglottic) refers to the region of the larynx located above the glottis, i.e., above the true vocal cords. The supraglottic space includes the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic folds, the false vocal cords, and the laryngeal ventricles, extending from the laryngeal inlet to the upper surface of the true vocal cords. The mucosa is typically nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The region functions in airway protection during swallowing and helps regulate airflow to the lower respiratory tract.

In clinical practice, supraglottic pathology includes cancers arising in the supraglottic larynx, epiglottis, or aryepiglottic folds. These tumors tend to spread to regional lymph nodes early and can present with sore throat, dysphagia, odynophagia, referred otalgia, or a neck lump. Diagnosis relies on endoscopic examination and imaging (CT or MRI). Treatment is usually multimodal, often radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, and may involve partial laryngectomy or transoral procedures depending on stage and location.

In anesthesia and airway management, supraglottic devices provide ventilation above the glottis. The laryngeal mask airway seals over the laryngeal inlet to enable ventilation without endotracheal intubation. They are useful for many elective procedures but carry an aspiration risk and are less suitable for patients with full stomachs or certain airway conditions.