suppositus

Suppositus is a Latin term meaning “placed under” and is the linguistic root behind the modern English word suppository. In medicine, a suppository is a solid dosage form designed to be inserted into a body opening, where it melts or dissolves to release an active drug. The most common forms are rectal and vaginal suppositories, with urethral varieties being far less common. They are typically shaped as torpedoes or bullets to aid insertion and to ensure proper contact with mucous membranes.

Rectal suppositories are frequently used when oral administration is not possible due to vomiting, unconsciousness, or in young children. Vaginal suppositories serve local purposes such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, or hormone therapies, and in some cases can be absorbed systemically. Dosing and frequency depend on the drug and patient factors, and correct insertion depth and hygiene are important for effectiveness and comfort.

Suppositories are formulated with bases such as fatty substances (for example cocoa butter or hydrogenated fats) or water-moltable bases (such as polyethylene glycols). The active ingredient is dispersed in the base to promote uniform distribution and release. Storage typically requires avoiding heat to prevent softening or melting. Potential adverse effects include local irritation, mucosal soreness, or systemic reactions from absorbed drugs. They are not suitable for all medications or all patients, and use should align with pharmacopoeial standards and clinician guidance.