supersümmeetriline

Supersümmeetriline refers to supersymmetry, a theoretical symmetry that relates two fundamental classes of particles: bosons and fermions. In the Standard Model of particle physics, these two types of particles are distinct. Bosons, such as photons and gluons, are force carriers and have integer spin. Fermions, such as electrons and quarks, are matter particles and have half-integer spin. Supersymmetry proposes that for every known fundamental particle, there exists a corresponding "superpartner" with a different spin.

If supersymmetry is a true symmetry of nature, then for every fermion, there should be a boson with the same quantum numbers except for spin, differing by 1/2 unit. Conversely, for every boson, there should be a fermion superpartner. For example, the hypothetical superpartner of the electron (a fermion) would be the selectron (a boson), and the superpartner of the photon (a boson) would be the photino (a fermion). These hypothetical particles are often referred to by adding the suffix "-ino" to the name of their Standard Model partner for fermions, and the prefix "s-" for bosons.

The concept of supersymmetry was introduced in the 1970s as a way to address several theoretical problems in particle physics, including the hierarchy problem, which concerns the large difference in energy scales between the electroweak force and gravity. Supersymmetry can also help to unify the fundamental forces at high energies and provides a potential dark matter candidate through the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). However, supersymmetry has not yet been experimentally confirmed. Searches at particle colliders, such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), have so far not found any evidence for these predicted superpartners, placing stringent limits on their masses. Despite the lack of direct evidence, supersymmetry remains an active area of theoretical research in physics.