superconductorsmost
Superconductors are materials that exhibit zero electrical resistance when cooled below a characteristic critical temperature. This means that an electric current can flow through them indefinitely without any energy loss due to heat. The phenomenon of superconductivity was first discovered in 1911 by Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. Initially, it was observed in elements like mercury at extremely low temperatures, close to absolute zero.
The critical temperature varies greatly among different superconducting materials. For conventional superconductors, these temperatures are typically
The unique properties of superconductors, particularly their zero resistance and their ability to expel magnetic fields