superata

Superata is the feminine singular past participle of the Italian verb superare, meaning to overcome, surpass, or exceed. It can function as an adjective or in passive voice to indicate that something has been overcome or surpassed. When used as an adjective, it agrees with the noun it modifies, for example una prova superata meaning a test that has been passed. In passive constructions, the participle also agrees in gender and number with the subject: la prova è stata superata.

Etymology: The term derives from the Latin verb superare, formed from the prefix super- meaning above or beyond and the infinitive ending -are. The Italian participle follows the standard -ato/-uto/-ito patterns typical of -are verbs, with feminine -ata as the form for superata.

Usage notes: In Italian, past participles of transitive verbs used in passive voice with essere generally agree with the subject. As an adjective, superata describes a feminine singular noun; corresponding forms include superato (masculine singular), superati (masculine or mixed plural), and superate (feminine plural). The word is common in formal and journalistic writing to describe completed achievements, overcome obstacles, or resolved issues. It can be used figuratively to denote concepts or barriers that have been surpassed.

Examples: La prova è stata superata. La barriera superata indica che l’obiettivo è stato raggiunto. Una strategia superata è stata abbandonata. The phrases illustrate both the adjectival and passive uses of superata in describing something that has been overcome.