sundars

Sundars, also known as *Sundarban mangroves*, are a vast and ecologically significant region located primarily in the Sundarbans delta, spanning the border between India and Bangladesh. The name "Sundarban" derives from the Bengali words *Sundari*, meaning "beautiful," and *ban*, meaning "forest," reflecting the lush, dense mangrove ecosystem that dominates the area. This unique landscape is the largest contiguous mangrove forest in the world, covering approximately 10,000 square kilometers.

The Sundarbans are renowned for their biodiversity, serving as a critical habitat for numerous species, including the Bengal tiger (*Panthera tigris tigris*), which is a symbol of the region. The forest also supports a wide variety of flora, such as the Sundari tree (*Heritiera fomes*), which gives the forest its name, along with other mangrove species like the sundari, gewa, and keora. The ecosystem plays a vital role in coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and supporting fisheries, which are essential for the livelihoods of millions of people in the region.

The Sundarbans face significant environmental challenges, including climate change, rising sea levels, and human encroachment. These factors threaten the delicate balance of the ecosystem, leading to habitat loss and endangering species like the Bengal tiger. Conservation efforts, including protected areas and sustainable resource management, are ongoing to preserve this vital natural heritage.

Culturally, the Sundarbans hold deep significance for the local communities, who rely on the forest for resources and traditional practices. The region is also a popular destination for eco-tourism, offering opportunities to explore its unique landscapes and wildlife under guided tours. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Sundarbans are a testament to the importance of protecting mangrove ecosystems for both ecological and cultural reasons.