Natural sweeteners are derived from plants and include substances like stevia, monk fruit, and erythritol. Stevia, for example, is a natural sweetener derived from the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana plant. It is approximately 200-300 times sweeter than sugar and has a low glycemic index, making it suitable for people with diabetes. Monk fruit sweetener is derived from the fruit of the monk fruit tree and is about 100-150 times sweeter than sugar. Erythritol is a sugar alcohol derived from corn starch and is about 60-70% as sweet as sugar.
Artificial sweeteners are man-made and include substances like aspartame, sucralose, and saccharin. Aspartame, for example, is a methyl ester of the dipeptide aspartic acid-phenylalanine. It is about 200 times sweeter than sugar and has a low glycemic index. Sucralose is a chlorinated derivative of sucrose and is about 600 times sweeter than sugar. Saccharin is a sulfonamide derivative of benzene and is about 300-500 times sweeter than sugar.
Sugar alcohols are another type of sugar alternative and include substances like xylitol, sorbitol, and maltitol. These substances are derived from plants and have a low glycemic index. They are often used as a sugar substitute in dental products and as a bulking agent in low-calorie foods.
Sugar alternatives can have different effects on the body. Some, like stevia and erythritol, have a low glycemic index and can be used by people with diabetes. Others, like aspartame and saccharin, have a low caloric value and can be used to reduce sugar intake. However, some sugar alternatives, like saccharin, have been linked to health concerns and are not recommended for long-term use.
In conclusion, sugar alternatives are a diverse group of substances used to sweeten food and beverages. They can be categorized into natural sweeteners, artificial sweeteners, and sugar alcohols. Each type has its own unique properties and potential health benefits. However, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before using sugar alternatives, especially if you have any health concerns.