sufiksy

Sufiksy are morphemes added to the end of a word to form new words or to signal grammatical information. They are a fundamental tool in word formation across languages, allowing speakers to expand vocabulary and adjust meaning without changing the root. By attaching a suffix, a base form can shift its part of speech, indicate tense or number, or convey other grammatical features.

Suffixes are typically categorized as derivational and inflectional. Derivational suffixes create new words or alter the lexical category, as in English examples such as -ness in happiness (noun from adjective), -ful in careful (adjective from noun), or -er in worker (agent noun). Inflectional suffixes express grammatical information like tense, number, case, or mood, for example -ed and -s in walked and dogs, or -ing in reading. In many languages, suffixes can also influence pronunciation or stress patterns.

Polish suffixes are especially productive for forming adjectives, nouns, and verbs. Common examples include suffixes that relate a word to a noun or indicate origin (such as -owy or -ski/-ska), as well as those used to derive verbs or noun forms (such as -ować, -anie, -enie). Through these affixes, Polish achieves rich word formation and enables agreement and inflection within sentences.

Overall, sufiksy play a central role in morphology by enabling flexible word construction, grammatical marking, and semantic nuance across languages, with particular significance in languages with highly productive suffixation systems.