subnetindeling

Subnetindeling, or subnetting, is a process in computer networking where a single large network is divided into multiple smaller, more manageable networks. These smaller networks are called subnets. The primary purpose of subnetting is to improve network performance, enhance security, and simplify administration.

By dividing a larger network into smaller subnets, broadcast traffic is contained within each subnet, reducing the overall network congestion. This leads to better utilization of bandwidth and faster data transmission. Furthermore, subnetting allows network administrators to implement more granular security policies. Access controls can be applied to individual subnets, isolating sensitive resources and preventing unauthorized access.

Administratively, subnetting makes it easier to manage a large network. Network changes, such as adding new devices or reconfiguring segments, can be implemented on a subnet-by-subnet basis, minimizing disruption to the rest of the network.

The process of subnetting involves using a subnet mask. A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that is used in conjunction with an IP address to determine which part of the IP address represents the network and which part represents the host. By extending the network portion of the IP address into the host portion, new subnets are created. This is achieved by changing the subnet mask to include more bits for the network identifier. The number of available subnets and the number of hosts per subnet depend on the chosen subnet mask.