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Strabismus is a condition that affects the alignment of the eyes, causing misaligned vision. The term "strabismus" comes from the Greek word "strabismos", which means "squinting". In individuals with strabismus, one eye may turn inward, outward, upward, or downward, causing difficulty in generating a single, cohesive visual image.

There are several types of strabismus, including esotropia (where the eye turns inward), exotropia (where the eye turns outward), hypertropia (where the top eye turns upward), and hypotropia (where the bottom eye turns downward). Strabismus can be inherited or caused by various factors, including muscle weakness or paralysis, injury to the eye or brain, or neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy.

If detected at an early age, strabismus can often be treated with eye patches, glasses, or vision therapy to improve alignment and prevent long-term vision complications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to reposition the muscles and improve alignment. In adults, strabismus can be caused by a range of factors, including injury, disease, or aging. Treatment may involve a combination of eye exercises, glasses, or surgery.

Strabismus can lead to amblyopia (lazy eye), where the affected eye becomes weaker, and vision is impaired. Early detection and treatment can minimize the risk of developing amblyopia. Regular eye exams can help identify strabismus, allowing for timely intervention and reducing the risk of visual impairment. The causes and effects of strabismus are still being researched, and ongoing studies are aimed at improving our understanding of this complex condition.