stratocumulus

Stratocumulus are low-level clouds that form a broad, gray to whitish deck with a pattern of rounded, lumpy masses or rolls. They belong to the genus stratocumulus and typically occur in the lower part of the troposphere, with cloud bases often between about 600 and 2,000 meters (2,000–6,500 feet) above the surface, though higher bases can occur in certain conditions.

The appearance of stratocumulus varies from a fairly continuous sheet to a patchy layer of large cloudlets. The underside is usually relatively flat or gently undulating, and the clouds may display cellular or wave-like patterns. They are most conspicuous when they form in long stretches or lines across the sky, creating large areas of shade and brief glimpses of blue through the gaps.

Formation and dynamics: Stratocumulus form when moist air near the surface is lifted gently, often in stable or weakly unstable conditions. They commonly develop beneath inversions, in marine environments, or along and ahead of fronts where air cools and saturates. They can originate from stratiform layers or from breaking up cumulus fields as convection weakens.

Weather and climate: Stratocumulus are usually associated with light precipitation, such as drizzle, and rarely produce heavy rain. They tend to reduce surface solar radiation, leading to cooler daytime temperatures, and can contribute to fog formation when the cloud base nears the ground. Their persistence over large areas can influence local climate and visibility.

Relation to other clouds: Stratocumulus are low-level, relatively shallow clouds that lie below mid-level cumulus and cirrus fields, serving as a bridge between stratiform layers and more convective cloud types. In observations, they are often abbreviated as SC in weather reports.