stomie

A stoma, or stomie in some languages, is a surgically created opening on the abdomen that diverts waste from the digestive or urinary system into an external pouching system. The opening may be temporary or permanent, depending on the underlying condition and treatment. The common types are ileostomy, colostomy, and urostomy.

An ileostomy diverts the end of the small intestine (the ileum) to the abdominal surface, producing a liquid, continuous output. A colostomy diverts part of the colon, with output that is typically more formed and less frequent. A urostomy provides a urinary diversion, allowing urine to drain through the stoma into a pouch. Some patients have additional urinary diversions or reconstructions, but these three categories cover most cases.

Indications for creating a stoma include colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, trauma to the abdomen, and certain urinary tract or bladder conditions that require diversion or removal of the bladder.

Care and management center on preventing skin problems around the stoma and ensuring reliable collection of waste. Most patients use a stoma appliance consisting of a skin barrier and a pouch. A stoma care nurse or specialist typically provides preoperative planning and postoperative education, including sizing the stoma, fitting the appliance, and recognizing complications. Swelling after surgery and changes in stoma size may require appliance adjustments.

Potential complications include skin irritation, blockage, stomal narrowing (stenosis), retraction, prolapse, or parastomal hernia. Dehydration can occur with high-output ileostomies. Regular follow-up and support help patients adapt and maintain quality of life.